ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ ÍÀ ÑËÈÂÈ

 

        Ñ òàçè ñòàòèÿ çàâúðøâàìå ïîðåäèöàòà, ïîñâåòåíà íà îâîùàðñòâîòî è ñâúðçàíà ñúñ ñïîäåëåíèÿ îïèò íà ðàñòåíèåâúäè îò Âàðíåíñêî.

        Î÷àêâàìå ñïîäåëåíèÿ îïèò â òàçè îáëàñò íà çåìåäåëñêè ïðîèçâîäèòåëè è îò äðóãè êðàèùà íà Áúëãàðèÿ.

 

1.        Ïåðèîä íà çðååíå íà ðàçïðîñòðàíåíèòå ñëèâîâè ñîðòîâå â Áúëãàðèÿ

 

Ïåðñïåêòèâíè ñîðòîâå äîìàøíà ñëèâà

Ñîðò                                                                                                                                             Ïåðèîä íà çðååíå

Ðóò Ãåðùåòåð                                                                                                                                1-10 þëè

Îïàë                                                                                                                                             25-30 þëè

Òóëåó Òèìïóðèóì                                                                                                                           25þëè-5 àâãóñò

Êàëèôîðíèéñêà ñèíÿ                                                                                                                      25 þëè-5 àâãóñò

×à÷àíñêà ëåïîòèöà                                                                                                                        25 þëè-5 àâãóñò

Îíòàðèî                                                                                                                                        25 þëè-5 àâãóñò

Àëòàíîâà ðåíêëîäà                                                                                                                       10-20 àâãóñò

×à÷àíñêà íàèáîëèÿ                                                                                                                        15-25 àâãóñò

Õðàìîâà ðåíêëîäà                                                                                                                        20-30 àâãóñò

Åäðà çåëåíà ðåíêëîäà                                                                                                                   20-30 àâãóñò

Ñòåíëåé                                                                                                                                        20-30 àâãóñò

Íàíñèéñêà ìèðàáåëêà                                                                                                                    20-30 àâãóñò

Ñòðèíàâà                                                                                                                                      20-30 àâãóñò

Ãàáðîâñêà                                                                                                                                     20-30 àâãóñò

Èçîáèëèå                                                                                                                                      20-30 àâãóñò

×à÷àíñêà ðîäíà                                                                                                                             20-30 àâãóñò

Íåâåíà                                                                                                                                          25 àâãóñò- 5 ñåïòåìâðè

Êþñòåíäèëñêà ñèíÿ ñëèâà                                                                                                              1-25 ñåïòåìâðè

Àííà Øïåä                                                                                                                                     20- 30 ñåïòåìâðè

Éîéî                                                                                                                                             àâãóñò- ñåïòåìâðè

Ìåñòíè ñîðòîâå äîìàøíà ñëèâà

Áàðäà÷êà                                                                                                                                      25 þëè- 5 àâãóñò

Êàðàäæåéêà                                                                                                                                   25 þëè- 5 àâãóñò

Êðúñëàíêà                                                                                                                                     20- 30 àâãóñò

Ñèíÿ ðàêèéíèöà                                                                                                                             20- 30 àâãóñò

Äåáåëÿíêà                                                                                                                                     25 àâãóñò- 5 ñåïòåìâðè

Ðàçïðîñòðàíåíè ñîðòîâå äæàíêà

Åíèáàêàíêà                                                                                                                                   5- 15 þëè

Êàðëîâñêà àôúçêà                                                                                                                         10- 20 þëè

Æúëòà àôúçêà                                                                                                                               10- 20 þëè

 

2.        Òîðåíå íà ñëèâàòà

 

Òîðîâèòå íîðìè íàé-òî÷íî ñå îïðåäåëÿò íà áàçàòà íà ïî÷âåí àíàëèç. Îáèêíîâåííî ñå îïðåäåëÿò ñëåäíèòå íîðìè íà òîðåíå â àêòèâíî âåùåñòâî ì/äêà:

Âúçðàñò                                                 Äîáèâ êã/äêà                   Na                    P2O5                K2O

Ìëàäè                                                     -                                      6- 9                  6- 9                  6- 9

Ïëîäîäàâàùè                                          1200- 1800                       9- 18                9- 18                9- 18

Çàñòàðåëè                                               1000- 1400                       18 -20              18- 20              18- 20

Ñðîêîâå íà òîðåíå

Àçîòíè òîðîâå- âíàñÿò ñå åæåãîäíî;

Ìàðò- âíàñÿ ñå ïîëîâèíàòà àçîòíà íîðìà.

Êðàÿ íà ìàé- âíàñÿ ñå äðóãàòà ïîëîâèíà, ñëåä îïàäàíåòî íà çàâðúçèòå.

Ôîñôîðíè è êàëèåâè òîðîâå- âíàñÿò ñå:

Åñåíòà- ïðåç 2- 3 ãîäèíè, öåëèòå òîðîâè íîðìè ïðåäè îðàíòà.

Îáîðñêà òîð- âíàñÿ ñå:

Åñåíòà- ïðåç 2- 3 ãîäèíè ïî 3- 4 òîíà /äêà.

 

3.        Íàïîÿâàíå

 

Ñëèâàòà ïðè îòãëåæäàíå íà ñóõè ëåêè áúðçî ïðîñúõâàùè ïî÷âè èçèñêâà íàïîÿâàíå.

Êðèòè÷íè çà ñëèâàòà ñà ñëåäíèòå ôàçè íà ðàçâèòèå:

·          Ïðåäè öúôòåæà ïðåç àïðèë;

·          Ïðè íàðàñòâàíå íà ëåòîðàñëèòå è ëèñòàòà- ïðåç ìàé;

·          Ñëåä þíñêîòî îïàäàíå íà çàâðúçèòå- íà÷àëîòî íà þíè;

·          Ãîëåìè çàäóøàâàíèÿ ïðåç þëè è àâãóñò- ïðè íàðàñòâàíåòî íà ïëîäîâåòå;

·          Êúñíî åñåíòà- ïðè ñèëíî çàñóøàâàíå ïî âðåìåòî íà äèôåðåíöèðàíåòî íà ïëîäíèòå ïúïêè. Íå òðÿáâà äà ñå äîïóñêà ñïàäàíå íà âëàãàòà ïîä 75 -80% îò ÏÏÂ.

 

4.        Îáðàáîòêà íà ïî÷âàòà

 

Îðàí

Èçâúðøâà ñå ñàìî åñåíòà íà äúëáî÷èíà 18- 20 ñì., òàêà ÷å äà íå ñå ðàçêúñâà êîðåíîâàòà ñèñòåìà íà äúðâåòàòà.

Äèñêîâàíå èëè êóëòèâèðàíå

Èçâúðøâà ñå ïðåç âåãåòàöèÿòà, êàòî íå ñå ïîçâîëÿâà ïëåâåëèòå äà ñå ðàçâèÿò. Â ðåäà ñå èçâúðøâà íà ðúêà, ñ àãðåãàò ñ îòêëîíÿâàùè ðàáîòíè îðãàíè èëè ñå òðåòèðà ñ õåðáèöèäè.

 

5.        Ñëèâîâè ñîðòîâå

 

Ñëèâîâèòå ñîðòîâå ñïîðåä ñðîêà íà óçðÿâàíå íà ïëîäîâåòå ñå ðàçäåëÿò íà ÷åòèðè ãðóïè:

·          Ñ ìíîãî ðàðåí ñðîê íà çðååíå(10- 15 þëè)- Ðóò Ãåðùåòåð;

·          Ñ ðàíåí ñðîê íà çðååíå(20- 31 þëè)- Îíòàðèî, Îïàë, ×à÷àíñêà ëåïîòèöà, Òóëåó òèìïóðó;

·          Ñúñ ñðåäåí ñðîê íà çðååíå(ïðåç àâãóñò è íà÷àëîòî íà ñåïòåìâðè)- Ãàáðîâñêà, Ñòåíëåé, Àëòàíîâà ðåíêëîäà, Ñòðèíàâà, Áàëâàíñêà ñëàâà, Íàíñèéñêà ìèðàáåëêà

·          Ñ êúñåí ñðîê íà çðååíå(10- 30 ñåïòåìâðè)- Êþñòåíäèëñêà ñèíÿ ñëèâà, Íåâåíà, Àíà Øïåò.

 

ÑÒÐÀÍÈÖÀÒÀ ÏÎÄÃÎÒÂÈ êîîðäèíàòîðà íà ÎÇÏÑÁ çà ãðàä Âàðíà ÃÅÎÐÃÈ ÂÀÑÈËÅÂ

 

 

 

 

 

íàãîðå   íàçàä   â-ê "Çåìåäåëñêà çàùèòà"